For example, several studies observed an association between ST and clustered cardio-metabolic risk, independent of physical activity. However, there are still questions regarding the specificity of these associations and the underlying relationships for predicting clustered cardio-metabolic risk. Įvidence from cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials suggests that sedentary time (ST), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important predictors of various cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Moreover, evidence indicates that in most populations today more than one fourth of the adult population has a clustering of three or more cardio-metabolic risk factors. Over the last few decades, the prevalence of these cardio-metabolic risk factors has increased steadily. Clustering of these cardio-metabolic risk factors in the same person appears to confer a substantial additional risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and all-cause mortality over and above the sum of the risk associated with each abnormality. A number of cardio-metabolic risk factors are closely related to these noncommunicable diseases, including visceral obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and atherogenic dislipidemia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īccording to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases were responsible for 38 million (68%) of the world’s deaths in 2012. They cannot be publicly shared but are available upon request, authors may be contacted at This work was supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ( ) to JL, JGB and Steunpunt Beleidsrelevant Onderzoek Sport ( ) to JL, JGB. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Our data are part of a study funded by the Flemish government and are under legal restriction. Received: MaAccepted: JPublished: July 27, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Knaeps et al. PLoS ONE 11(7):Įditor: Pedro Tauler, University of the Balearic Islands, SPAIN In conclusion, because of the mediating role of CRF, lifestyle-interventions need to be feasible yet challenging enough to lead to increases in CRF to improve someone’s cardio-metabolic health.Ĭitation: Knaeps S, Lefevre J, Wijtzes A, Charlier R, Mertens E, Bourgois JG (2016) Independent Associations between Sedentary Time, Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardio-Metabolic Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. After mutual adjustment for MVPA and ST, CRF was the most important risk factor for a higher clustered cardio-metabolic risk (β = -0.39, p<0.001). CRF explained 73% of the variance in the association between MVPA and clustered cardio-metabolic risk and attenuated this association to non-significance. Results showed that low MVPA and low CRF were associated with a higher clustered cardio-metabolic risk ( β = -0.26 and β = -0.43, both p<0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression models and the product of coefficients method were used to examine independent associations and mediation effects, respectively.
MVPA and ST were measured with the SenseWear pro 3 Armband and CRF was measured with a maximal exercise test. MVPA, ST, CRF and individual cardio-metabolic components were measured in a population-based sample of 341 adults (age 53.8 ± 8.9 years 61% men) between 20. We also investigated whether any associations between MVPA or ST and clustered cardio-metabolic risk were mediated by CRF. We aimed to study the independent associations of sedentary time (ST), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with clustered cardio-metabolic risk and its individual components (waist circumference, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure).